The Causse Loop (by mountain-bike)

10 points of interest

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  History

  Early transformation of the landscape

  About 5,000 years ago, agriculture was already well established on the plateau. Evidence for this has been found in the remains of the cave and swallow-hole settlements of the period: large carved-stone sickles, food storage jars wrapped tightly in rope, and carbonised grains (barley, several varieties of wheat, etc.). Alongside cereals, people ate the products of livestock rearing (mutton, beef, pork), fishing (salmon) and hunting (stag, roe deer, ibex, brown bear, beaver, hare, rabbit, Western capercaillie, etc.), the latter suggesting a much more forested environment than today.

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  Archaeology

  Traces of early man

  The Pierre Plate Dolmen was built about 2600 BC. Dolmens are collective tombs that must also have played an important role in the identity and cohesion of the social group that built them (called the Treilles Group by archaeologists, after the name of a cave that it once occupied). These tomb builders were caving pioneers: they ventured into the depths of swallow holes to get water and clay. They were also innovators, producing very beautiful stone arrowheads shaped like fir trees and soon afterwards learning to fashion copper (arrowheads, daggers, axes).

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  Landscape

  Forests spreading steadily

  On the valley floors there are still some fairly large expanses of farmed meadows, but some of the space has been urbanised. Other arable surfaces, “suspended” mid-slope, depend for their upkeep on the farmers who live in the isolated villages. On the slopes, the forested areas in their mix of oak, chestnut and conifers form a pattern marked by different era. Short-grass prairies are persisting on high ground, and heath covers siliceous soils.

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  Landscape

  Mont Lozère

  From the plateau, you can see all of Mont Lozère. At 1,699 m, the Pic de Finiels is the department's highest point. Mont Lozère stretches for some thirty kilometres, west-east from the Causse de Sauveterre to Villefort, and south-north from Le Pont de Montvert to Le Bleymard. It is an exclusively granite massif, on which the river Tarn has its spring.

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  Architecture

  Le Tomple

  The houses in this hamlet (altitude 976 m) have been built from limestone blocks using a lime mortar. Some have been rendered. Such construction methods are characteristic for traditional architecture. The stones for building came from the plateau's quarries. The lack of wood forced builders to do without: no timber roof structures, just a stone vault covered by lauzes (flat stones). Traditionally made from limestone, these lauzes started to be replaced by schist lauzes a few years ago. These techniques mean that Causse houses are solidly built, with only small openings.

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  Flora

  Box

  Box is a symbol of immortality because it is evergreen. In the Middle Ages, it was a part of the peasants' materia medica. Its essence, wood and leaves all have the same characteristics. Dried in the shade with frequent turning, its leaves were a remarkable antipyretic and diuretic with sudorific properties. They were also used to treat chronic skin diseases, gout, rheumatism and baldness. Branches were used as litter in sheepfolds. During the summer grazing period, the shepherds turned its wood into staffs with sculpted knobs and other objects.

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  Fauna

  (Crested) hoopoe

  This resplendent bird deserves its name, with its feathery crest on its head. It has a slender beak that it uses to extract larvae and insects from the ground. Its plumage is distinctive: an orangey dark pink, with black-and-white-striped wings and back. It is very difficult to observe, but can be identified by its characteristic call of oop-oop-oop. Locals call it poupoune. The hoopoe is a migrating bird.

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  Flora

  Adonis vernalis (spring pheasant's eye)

  Whilst this member of the buttercup family might seem plentiful, it has become rare and is limited to a few places in France (Causses, Alsace) and south-eastern Europe. It can be seen in April-May in the steppe flora. This plant is protected – you may take photos but under no circumstances take the plant! It secretes a substance through its roots that tends to limit the growth of plants around it, especially legumes.

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  Architecture

  Nivoliers

  This traditional Causse Méjean hamlet has a dozen year-round residents, who mostly work in tourism (gîtes, chambres d'hôte, inn, grocer's shop) and agriculture (flocks of sheep, honey, jams, etc.).

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  Landscape

  The summit of Mont Gargo

  At 1,274 m, this is the highest point of the Causse Méjean. As you pass Cros Roux, you are only metres away! This isolated, austere and wild high ground goes right to the edge of the cliffs overlooking Florac. It drops off to the north, where large isolated farms are sheltered in deep dolines (depressions). Vast black-pine plantations – a total break with the steppe landscape – today cover the whole west of the massif and many knolls to the north. About 40 years ago, following the decline of agriculture, these large production units of resinous trees replaced the agro-pastoral landscapes.